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What Does Global Health Governance Look Like?

Esther Peev

2023-02-14

healthdata.Rmd

Manyhealth Data

{manyhealth} package is composed of multiple databases, each of them representing a different aspect of global health governance.

Agreements

The agreements database is an ensemble of data on international health instruments. The combination of datasets that are contained in this database prints an overview of all international instruments that governs the global health sphere. With the agreements data, we can for example see all the health treaties signed in a specific year, or all WHO instruments adopted during a year.

library(dplyr)
library(knitr)
manyhealth::agreements$WHO[,c(1:5)] %>% 
  dplyr::filter(Beg == "2010") %>% 
  kable("html")
manyID Title Beg Organisation Topic
EM06SD_2010O3 EMRC57R3 Maternal Child And Adolescent Mental Health Challenges And Strategic Directions 2010-2015 2010 WHO Regional Committee for the Eastern Mediterranean Resolutions and Declarations on Child & Youth
CDSUPH_2010R2 Resolution CD50R2 Strategy On Substance Use And Public Health 2010 PAHO Resolutions and Declarations on Alcohol and Substance Use
MA04DG_2010O:MA04DG_2010O Monitoring Of The Achievement Of The Health-related Millennium Development Goals 2010 World Health Organization Resolutions and Declarations on General Health
PRCNCD_2010O Prevention And Control Of Non-communicable Diseases 2010 United Nations Resolutions and Declarations on General Health
RMDGPD_2010O Realizing The Millennium Development Goals For Persons With Disabilities 2010 United Nations Resolutions and Declarations on Disability
WGRHUA_2010S WHA6313 Global Strategy To Reduce The Harmful Use Of Alcohol 2010 World Health Organization Resolutions and Declarations on Alcohol and Substance Use 

manyhealth::agreements$GHHR[,c(1:5)] %>% 
  dplyr::filter(Beg == "1948") %>% 
  kable("html")
manyID Title Beg Region LegalStatus
AMDRDM_1948R American Declaration Of The Rights And Duties Of Man 1948 Americas Intergovernmental - Non-binding
CHROAS_1948A Charter Of The Organization Of American States (OAS) 1948 Americas Intergovernmental - Legally Binding
PRVPCG_1948A Convention On The Prevention And Punishment Of The Crime Of Genocide 1948 Universal Intergovernmental - Legally Binding
UNVDHR_1948R Universal Declaration Of Human Rights 1948 Universal Intergovernmental - Non-binding 

manyhealth::agreements$HUGGO[,c(1:5)] %>% 
  dplyr::filter(messydates::year(Beg) == "1990") %>% 
  kable("html")
manyID Title Beg Signature Force
CG08IS_1990R15 CEDAW General Recommendation No 15 Avoidance Of Discrimination Against Women In National Strategies For The Prevention And Control Of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) 1990-02-02 1990-02-02 NA
CDGRFC_1999R14 CEDAW General Recommendation No 14 Female Circumcision 1990-02-03 1990-02-03 NA
SUCWIC_1990A Convention Concerning Safety In The Use Of Chemicals At Work (ILO Chemicals Convention 1990 (No 170)) 1990-06-25 1990-06-25 1993-11-04
NGWINW_1990A Convention Concerning Night Work (ILO Night Work Convention 1990 (No 171)) 1990-06-26 1990-06-26 1995-01-04
AFCRWC_1990A African Charter On The Rights And Welfare Of The Child 1990-07-01 1990-07-01 1999-11-29
CP04RW_1990A Code Of Practice On The International Transboundary Movement Of Radioactive Waste 1990-09-21 1990-09-21 NA
CRCSDC_1990R Caracas Declaration 1990-11-14 1990-11-14 NA
GRCPDF_1990R Guidelines For The Regulation Of Computerized Personal Data Files 1990-12-14 1990-12-14 NA
UN04DL_XXXXR United Nations Rules For The Protection Of Juveniles Deprived Of Their Liberty 1990-12-14 1990-12-14 NA
IP04MF_1990A International Convention On The Protection Of The Rights Of All Migrant Workers And Members Of Their Families (ICRMW) 1990-12-18 1990-12-18 2003-07-01

Organizations

The Organizations database lists different actors playing a role in the global health governance, such as NGOs, IGOs or associations with their date of establishment and headquarter location. For example, the table below shows the organizations that are based in London.

library(dplyr)
library(knitr)
manyhealth::organizations$CHATHAM %>%
  dplyr::filter(City == "London") %>% 
  kable("html")
organizationID Organization Beg City State Type Health_as_primary_intent
LSH London School Of Hygiene And Tropical Medicine 1975-03-15 London UK 9 Yes
SCI Save The Children International 1975-04-04 London UK 6 No
IPP International Planned Parenthood Federation 1975-05-07 London UK 6 No
ISD International Society Of Drug Bulletins 1975-06-10 London UK 6 No
EJA Elton John AIDS Foundation 1975-06-16 London US 6 Yes
IFF International Finance Facility For Immunisation 1975-06-30 London UK 6 Yes

References

The References database was hand coded from TEXTS and identifies which treaties cite other treaties. With this information we can, for example, get to treaty lineages. The code below illustrates how to extract sample of treaties from the references database and how we can use {migraph} to plot treaties that cite to other treaties. The dataset selected to this end, GHHR_REF, also includes agreements on human rights.

library(dplyr)
library(ggplot2)
library(migraph)

# Get dataset
references <- manyhealth::references$GHHR_REF %>% 
  dplyr::distinct() %>%
  dplyr::mutate(year = stringr::str_extract(Treaty2, "[:digit:]{4}")) %>%
  dplyr::filter(RefType == "Cites") %>%
  dplyr::arrange(year)

# Plot with migraph
migraph::gglineage(references[75:100,c(1,2,3)]) +
  labs(title = "Treaty Lineage of Selected Agreements from GHHR Dataset",
       caption = "Source: manyhealth") +
  theme(plot.title = element_text(family = "sans",
                                  size = 18,
                                  hjust = 0.5))

The second graph below illustrate lineages between a sample of treaties from World Health Organization (WHO) dataset. It is mostly resolutions, decisions and conventions adopted under the auspice of WHO.

library(dplyr)
library(ggplot2)
library(migraph)

# Get dataset
references <- manyhealth::references$WHO_REF %>% 
  dplyr::distinct() %>%
  dplyr::mutate(year = stringr::str_extract(Treaty2, "[:digit:]{4}")) %>%
  dplyr::filter(RefType == "Cites") %>%
  dplyr::arrange(year)

# Plot with migraph
migraph::gglineage(references[10:35,c(1,2,3)]) +
  labs(title = "Treaty Lineage of Selected Agreements from WHO",
       caption = "Source: manyhealth") +
  theme(plot.title = element_text(family = "sans",
                                  size = 18,
                                  hjust = 0.5))

For more information on how to read the manyID, please read the vignette from {manypkgs} package. For more information on some of our other “many” packages, please see manydata.